Category Archives: interest rates

Buffett Buys Japanese Brokerages; Rate Thesis Intact

It was announced that Warren Buffett has accumulated shares of Japanese brokerages.

As we’ve long stated, the secular trend in rates is up:

  • “A single rate increase by the Federal Reserve in no way makes for a trend.  However, markets often lead the way and what initially seems “bizarre” is only a natural change in regime, a change that we haven’t seen since the early 1940’s (December 16, 2015.).”

  • “We’ve only included the point in the interest rate cycle that corresponds to the phase that we are entering, coming from an all-time low to an eventual all-time high (November 15, 2015.).”

  • “Investors anticipating a general rise in interest rates should feel some comfort in knowing that most manager(s) in the utility sector are ready for what is to come.  Rising interest rates are not an automatic death sentence for utility stock prices or earnings.   In fact, the early stages of rising interest rates may see utility stocks match or exceed the returns of non-interest rate sensitive stocks, on a total return basis.  Only when the outlook is cloudy will it become difficult to offer projections that are in line with prior expectations (September 4, 2014.).”

We’ve also said that Japan outperforms under such conditions.

With this is mind, maybe this is what Buffett & Co. are seeing for the future of the secular trend and beyond.

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Bank Stocks and Rising Interest Rates

On August 6, 2020, we published an article about the trend in interest rates and our expectations for the future.  In this posting, we’ll attempt to address the impact of interest rates on bank stocks in a secular rising trend.  We’ll provide real world example to highlight the good, bad, and ugly.

All of our work is based on precedent rather than theory.  If the conventional wisdom is that stock markets fall when interest rates rise then we check the interest rate cycle and confirm the claim.  If the “wisdom” doesn’t hold up we reject the claim and provide evidence.

Interest Rate Cycles

In the case of interest rate cycles, the secular trend is so long that people generally take what they see in the last 30 years and use that as the template for their analysis going forward.  Unfortunately, the interest rate cycle, a full peak to peak or trough to trough, is 54 years or more.  To gain more background, we refer to wholesale price from 1790 to 2006.

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The above chart is from the 1947 book Cycles: The Science of Prediction by Edward R. Dewey and Edwin F. Dakin.  Notice how it was predicted that the cycle peak would occur in 1979 (actual 1980) and the cycle trough was predicted in 2006 (actual 2008).  These are good reference markers for assessing the quality of analysis.

If, according to Dewy and Dakin, the last secular rising trend was from 1952 to 1979, it would be helpful for us to review the performance of bank stocks in that period to better understand the impact of rising rates.  Below, we have provided data from within the rising rate environment to see what the potential outcome could be for bank stocks going forward. Continue reading →

Rising Secular Trend in Interest Rates

As we have long advocated, the declining trend in interest rates is coming to an end and the secular trend in rates is up.  To provide a decent level of analysis on what might happen going forward, we have a comparison of the Dow Jones Industrial Average to the 3-month Treasury from 1934 to the peak in May 1981.

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Conventional wisdom says that as interest rates rise then stocks should underperform.  However, when contrasted to the interest rate sensitive Dow Jones Utility Average, we see that the index increased +1,321% from the April 1942 low to the March 1965 peak.

We contrast the change in the Dow Jones Utility Average to the 3-month Treasury to highlight what happened to the price of Silver in the same secular trend.

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Historically, it is understood that rising interest rates mean rising commodity prices.  In the last secular trend, the price of silver increased modestly until, in the late stage of the cycle, all commodity prices go wild.  We believe that such a trend is likely to occur again.

Our general conclusion on the secular trend in rising interest rates is that the best alternative in the initial stages is stocks and commodities in late stage of the same trend.

“For the past 25 years the commodity market and the stock market have moved almost exactly together. The index number representing many commodities rose from 88 in 1878 to 120 in 1881. It dropped back to 90 in 1885, rose to 95 in 1891, dropped back to 73 in 1896, and recovered to 90 in 1900. Furthermore, index numbers kept in Europe and applied to quite different commodities had almost exactly the same movement in the same time. It is not necessary to say to anyone familiar with the course of the stock market that this has been exactly the course of stocks in the same period ( source: Dow, Charles H. Review and Outlook. Wall Street Journal.February 21, 1901.)”

Fed Balance Sheet Unwind and Market Rise

In the period from 2013 to 2019, the Federal Reserve was actively in the process of unwinding their balance sheet with what we can only imagine was their non-core “assets.” 

In the period from 2013 to 2019, counter to the claim that the Fed is THE reason the market has increased from the 2009 low, the stock market, as represented by the Dow Jones Industrial Average, increased +74.10%.

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This assessment goes along with our prior work on this same topic making the point that the increase in interest rates would result in a stock market and gold price increase.

See Also:

Chart of the Day: Southern California Edison

Below is the annual 52-week low for Southern California Edison (SCE) from 1958 to 1967.  We’ve also included the 3-month Treasury Bill as a comparison to show how utility stocks perform against the backdrop of rising interest rates.

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In this example, the 3-month Treasury Bill increased from 1.77% to 4.31%.  Meanwhile, Southern California Edison (SCE) had a 52-week low range from $15.87 to $31.75.

Interest Rate Monitor: March 2020

For the last 40 years, interest rates have been in decline.  So people can be forgiven when they have the view that the trend is down, it should be down, and if it ever goes up and something goes wrong then the solution must be to cut interest rates.

Unfortunately, during a secular rising trend, cutting interest rates aren’t the solution. Worse still, falling rates ARE THE PROBLEM.  Adding QE and stimulus to rate cuts compounds an already bad situation.

Review

We have been unanimous in our view that the secular trend in interest rates is up rather than down and that increasing interest rates are good for the market.  Our view preceded the Federal Reserve’s policy of rate increases starting December 15, 2015.

  • “A single rate increase by the Federal Reserve in no way makes for a trend.  However, markets often lead the way and what initially seems “bizarre” is only a natural change in regime, a change that we haven’t seen since the early 1940’s (December 16, 2015.).”
  • “We’ve only included the point in the interest rate cycle that corresponds to the phase that we are entering, coming from an all-time low to an eventual all-time high (November 15, 2015.).”
  • “Investors anticipating a general rise in interest rates should feel some comfort in knowing that most manager(s) in the utility sector are ready for what is to come.  Rising interest rates are not an automatic death sentence for utility stock prices or earnings.   In fact, the early stages of rising interest rates may see utility stocks match or exceed the returns of non-interest rate sensitive stocks, on a total return basis.  Only when the outlook is cloudy will it become difficult to offer projections that are in line with prior expectations (September 4, 2014.).”

Current Rate Environment

As we have stated well before rates started to increase, in a secular rising trend in interest rates, going up will be good for stocks and the economy.  What this also means is that in a secular rising trend in interest rates, going down will be bad for stocks and the economy.  We have depicted the change below.

Rates Going Up

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Rates Going Down

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We have used the Daily 3-Month Treasury for one simple reason, when it goes up or down, the Federal Reserve ALWAYS follows.

Conclusion

The door has been closed on the rate cutting tool that the Federal Reserve has wielded like a force field against any perceived threat to the economy.  However, the reality is that we’re in a secular rising trend in interest rates. ANY additional stimulus (fiscal or monetary) should be looked upon as prolonging the problem rather than improving or fixing the problem.

Interest Rate Monitor: October 2019

On November 21, 2015, we said the following:

“While a Fed rate increase is what everyone is waiting for, history suggests that Fed policy  (government regulated) follows short-term Treasuries (market driven).”

We made the commentary because we saw that the 3-month Treasury rate was advancing higher.

Since that time, we’ve watched as the Federal Reserve Bank continues to followed the short-term market rates both up and down.  After the November 21, 2015 posting, we saw, in December 15, 2015, the Federal Reserve increase the Fed Funds Rate for the first time since June 29, 2006.  Again, the Fed Funds Rate increase followed the action of 3-month Treasury.

As with the rate increases in the 3-month Treasury followed by the Fed Funds Rate shortly thereafter, so too did we see the Fed Funds Rate decline after the 3-month Treasury reversed to the downside.  As we said in our April 23, 2019 posting:

“If the current run of stability in rates is anything like the period of 2015 to 2016, we should see a sharp drop in rates…”

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The chart above highlights the point of our April 23, 2019 claim relative to the actual rate activity that has followed.  Most important is the fact that Fed Funds Rate policy did not take place until four months after the peak in the 3-month Treasury.  Even after the rate decreased in July 2019, it was clear that the Fed would have to catch up for lost ground which is reflected in the September 18, 2019 rate cut.

Below are the targets that we have set for the 3-month Treasury which will be reflected, in direction only, with the Fed Funds Rate. Continue reading →

Chart of the Day: New England Electric Systems

Below is the annual 52-week low for New England Electric Systems (NES) from 1958 to 1967.  We’ve also included the 3-month Treasury Bill as a comparison to show how utility stocks perform against the backdrop of rising interest rates.

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In this example, the 3-month Treasury Bill increased from 1.77% to 4.31%.  Meanwhile, New England Electric Systems (NES) had a 52-week low range from $14.50 to $23.50.

Chart of the Day: Ohio Edison

Below is the annual 52-week low for Ohio Edison (OEC) from 1958 to 1967.  We’ve also included the 3-month Treasury Bill as a comparison to show how utility stocks perform against the backdrop of rising interest rates.

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In this example, the 3-month Treasury Bill increased from 1.77% to 4.31%.  Meanwhile, Ohio Edison (OE) had a 52-week low range from $12.75 to $27.87.

Chart of the Day: Consolidated Edison

Below is the annual 52-week low for Consolidated Edison (ED) from 1958 to 1968.  We’ve also included the 3-month Treasury Bill as a comparison to show how utility stocks perform against the backdrop of rising interest rates.

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In this example, the 3-month Treasury Bill increased from 1.77% to 4.31%.  Meanwhile, Consolidated Edison (ED) had a 52-week low range from $22.00 to $30.63.

Chart of the Day: Montana Power

Below is the annual 52-week low for Montana Power (MTP) from 1958 to 1968.  We’ve also included the 3-month Treasury Bill as a comparison to show how utility stocks perform against the backdrop of rising interest rates.

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In this example, the 3-month Treasury Bill increased from 1.77% to 4.31%.  Meanwhile, Montana Power (MTP) had a 52-week low range from $15.00 to $26.38.

Chart of the Day: Consolidated Edison

Below is the annual 52-week low for Consolidated Edison (ED) from 1958 to 1967.  We’ve also included the 3-month Treasury Bill as a comparison to show how utility stocks perform against the backdrop of rising interest rates.

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In this example, the 3-month Treasury Bill increased from 1.77% to 4.31%.  Meanwhile, Consolidated Edison (ED) had a 52-week low range from $22.00 to $30.63.

Chart of the Day: Florida Power Corp.

Below is the annual 52-week low for Florida Power Corp. from 1958 to 1968.  We’ve also included the Effective Fed Funds Rate as a comparison to show how utility stocks perform against the backdrop of rising interest rates.

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In this example, the Effective Fed Funds Rate increased from 2.42% to 6.02%.  Meanwhile, Florida Power Corp. had a 52-week low range from $19 to $36.75.

Chart of the Day: Dome Mines

Below is the annual 52-week low for Dome Mines (DM) from 1960 to 1968.  We’ve also included the Effective Fed Funds Rate as a comparison to show how gold mining stocks perform against the backdrop of rising interest rates.

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In this example, the Effective Fed Funds Rate increased from 1.98% to 6.02%.  Meanwhile, Dome Mines (DM) had a 52-week low range from $17.12 to $46.25.

Chart of the Day: American Electric Power

Below is the annual 52-week low for American Electric Power (AEP) from 1958 to 1968.  We’ve also included the Effective Fed Funds Rate as a comparison to show how utility stocks perform against the backdrop of rising interest rates.

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In this example, the Effective Fed Funds Rate increased from 2.42% to 6.02%.  Meanwhile, American Electric Power (AEP) had a 52-week low range from $17.75 to $32.50.