Reader SD asks:
"If the Dow appears to hit a peak and begins dropping (Dow Theory bear market indication), is the indicated action to sell your stocks and put your investments into cash until the Coppock curve or other indicators show the market has hit a bottom?"
Touc's Reply:
There are several approaches to the use of Dow Theory when determining the best time to sell stocks. The first could be to sell all stocks when a Dow Theory bear market is signaled. The second could be to ignore the gyrations of the market and only sell a stock when it is "clearly" overvalued. The final method is the one that I use which involves changing my allocation of stocks.
In the first scenario, we will take the perspective of the great Dow Theorists Richard Russell on the application of Dow Theory towards the portfolio when a bear market is signaled. Upon reflection of the market declines from October 2007 to March 2009, Richard Russell said, "...Let's say you are compounding your assets (reinvesting your dividends and interest) beautifully until a full-fledged primary bear market comes along (1973-74 and again in 2008). Within a year or two your assets are cut in half, and all your compounding has gone to waste." By this commentary, Russell seems to imply that an investor should sell all of their stocks at the onset of a Dow Theory bear market indication or risk wiping out tremendous gains that might have been accrued in the process.
On November 12, 2007 Richard Russell call the bear market top in the weekly financial publication Barron's. According to Russell, it makes no sense to trifle with the bear market which can plumb depths unimaginable in a period of time that is far shorter than it takes to rise in a bull market. So why risk wasting the power of compounding to a bear market, especially when you "know" it is coming. In this respect, Russell says sell all of your stocks and wait until the next bull market indication to arrive.
The second Dow Theory approach to selling a stock is the most commonly misapplied. This approach is supposed to be grounded on the belief that market participants understand values. The misapplication that often occurs is when overvaluation is ignored and a stock isn't sold based on this fact. All Dow Theorists can point to the buying and selling of stocks as being based in the understanding of values. The claim of an understanding of values applies to stocks that are undervalued as well as overvalued. An undervalued stock should be bought while an overvalued stock should be sold, regardless of market condition. Once an undervalued stock has been purchased it could take weeks, months, or years before the stock is overvalued. A stock that has become overvalued should be sold at the earliest opportunity and is often at a new high.
In answer to the question of when to sell a stock based on values, the renowned Dow Theorist Robert Rhea had the following to say:
"Investors may ask how they can determine the point when stocks are selling far above value and probable earnings. That, indeed, is a hard question to answer because no two men appraise values on the same basis. I can only say that sometime before the peak was reached in 1929, American Telephone and Telegraph [AT&T] (T) was selling around $300 per share. It had a book value of about $128, and its best recorded earnings were in 1929 when the reported net for common was $12.67 per share. Now in 1926 the stock had sold for $151 when its book value was $126, with earnings of $11.95. With its dividend at $9.00, a comparatively small amount was carried to surplus each year. At the price first noted above, the advance in the quoted value of this stock had obviously discounted earnings for many years in the future; moreover, it was selling far above its intrinsic value."
The last method for buying and selling is one that I have combined and modified based on the methods described above which involves taking the Dow Theory signal and allocating more or less money to a given stock. During periods when there is a Dow Theory bull market indication, I invest a minimum of 25% of my capital in a single stock that is at or near a new low. After obtaining what I believe to be "fair profits," I rotate the money into the next "undervalued" Dividend Achiever or Nasdaq 100 stocks. As long as the bull market indication is in effect, I continue to overweight my stock positions in solid companies with proven track records. I'm very flexible in the amount of time that it takes to accomplish the goal of exceeding "guaranteed" money alternatives like treasuries, CDs, money market and savings accounts on an annualized basis.
As soon as a bear market signal is given, based on Dow Theory, I shorten the amount of time that I'm willing to wait for an undervalued stock to generate "fair profits." In addition, I cut my minimum position in an individual stock down from 25% to 12% (generally speaking). Basically, I reduce the amount of risk that I'm willing to take in a stock under conditions that might not be as favorable for gains. However, I do not sell stocks outright in anticipation of market declines based on Dow Theory bear market indications. Keep in mind that, under certain circumstances, a bull market can still be in effect after a decline of 20% to 30%. This leaves a lot of room for miscalculation if you automatically sell based on a decline of 10% or more.A review of my
2008 and
2009 transaction histories should demonstrate the value of the approach described above.
Follow-up commentary regarding the 2008 transaction history is worth reading as it provides additional insight to the methods now used by the New Low Observer team. It is important to note that, although there was a bear market indication since November 2007, activity in the market did not cease.
Again, keep in mind that bear markets are no guarantee of losses in your portfolio. Charles H. Dow, founder of the Wall Street Journal, has said that:
"Even in a bear market, this method of trading will usually be found safe, although the profits taken should be less because of the liability of weak spots breaking out and checking the general rise."
I feel that the strategy that we employ is very close to what Charles H. Dow had written about in regards to buying and selling stocks in both bull and bear markets.
Art's Reply:
Even when a bull market indication is given or the Coppock Curve turned positive, we have to be rational about deploying our capital. A Dow Theory buy indication doesn't signal "all-in" or imply that we can buy stocks blindly. Some stocks performed wonderfully and some lag the market. The same can be said about bear markets.
Touc and I bought Altria (MO) in early
December 2008 when the company yielded 8%. This transaction occurred during the bear market and took place months before the market reached a bottom. Our
sell recommendation netted 13% in less than 2 months.
Useful References:
- 2008 Transaction Overview
- Article Commentary on 2008 Overview
- 2009 Transaction Overview
- Schultz, Harry D., A Treasury of Wall Street Wisdom, Investors' Press, (New Jersey, 1966). p. 12
- Russell, Richard, Dow Theory Letters, (San Diego, July 24, 2009). www.dowtheoryletters.com
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*Goldman Sachs isn't a former or current dividend achiever but I feel that it is worth watching because it could be the proxy of our financial system.
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