Category Archives: bailout

Dexia: So What’s in a Name

In the last financial crisis, we came across a company named Cerberus Capital.  Those who started Cerberus Capital had to know the kind of connotation that would be invoked with a name based on a three-headed dog that guards the gates of the underworld from those who wished to escape.  For some, Cerberus Capital’s involvement in Chrysler and GMAC seemed inescapable for the U.S. government during their bailouts of the auto and banking industry. 

Currently, a Belgium bank named Dexia Group is attempting to find a way out of its financial problems.  Apparently, Dexia is holding an enormous amount of Greek debt that could possibly go bust.   Without a plan from France, Belgium and Luxembourg, Dexia threatens to bankrupt many towns and cities in France as well as depositors in Belgium and Luxembourg. 
Like Cerberus Capital, we wonder what is in the name.  So it should comes as no surprise when we looked up what the meaning of Dexia is.  Here are the Wikipedia definitions of what Dexia is:
Dexia is a genus of tachinid flies in the family Tachinidae. Most larvae are parasitoids of beetles (Scarabaeidae).”
Since the above definitions of Dexia was relatively obscure, we looked up what a parasitoid is.  Again, Wikipedia’s definition is as follows:
A parasitoid is an organism that spends a significant portion of its life history attached to or within a single host organism in a relationship that is in essence parasitic; unlike a true parasite, however, it ultimately sterilises or kills, and sometimes consumes, the host. Thus parasitoids are similar to typical parasites except in the more dire prognosis for the host.”
Cornell University’s Guide to Natural Enemies of North America defines parasitoids, in part, as:
Insect parasitoids have an immature life stage that develops on or within a single insect host, ultimately killing the host…”
We can only wonder if Dexia, the Belgium bank, will ultimately lead to killing the hosts, in this case France, Belgium, Luxembourg  or even the European Union as we know it.
More about Dexia from Bloomberg.com
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Slittare: Italy’s credit rating

On February 18, 2009, we wrote an article titled “When Paper Has No Value.” In that article, we highlighted West Germany’s $2 billion bailout of Italy in 1974 that was backed by the value of Italy’s gold holdings. Regarding the use of gold as collateral we said the following:
No nation wants to actually resort to this feature first, because as one nation dips its toes in the water all subsequent nations will follow in its path at ever higher gold prices. It is only the last nation in the pool, with sizable gold reserves, that benefits the most from using gold as collateral. The first nation in the pool becomes the sacrificial lamb. Unfortunately, desperate times call for desperate measures.”
We couldn’t help but notice that Moody’s credit rating for Italy was downgraded three notches on October 4, 2011 (found here). There are three primary reasons given for the downgrade of Italy’s debt:
(1) The material increase in long-term funding risks for euro area sovereigns with high levels of public debt, such as Italy, as a result of the sustained and non-cyclical erosion of confidence in the wholesale finance environment for euro sovereigns, due to the current sovereign debt crisis.
(2) The increased downside risks to economic growth due to macroeconomic structural weaknesses and a weakening global outlook.
(3) The implementation risks and time needed to achieve the government's fiscal consolidation targets to reverse the adverse trend observed in the public debt, due to economic and political uncertainties.
In Italian, the word slittare means to slide or to be postponed. This was the term that was used to describe Italy’s economic woes that led to the loan using gold as collateral in 1974. Depending on its usage, slittare encapsulates the problems faced by Italy today. The increase in long-term debt is the postponement of the inevitable and the increased downside risk to economic growth points to a further slide. The third issue mentioned by Moody’s, implementation risk, only adds to why the first and second reasons will only grow.
Like it was in 1974, Germany is currently in the position of having to buttress European nations as the “lender of last resort.” We’re wondering which nation will be the first to pledge their gold reserves as collateral in exchange for a loan to avoid collapse. It will be desperate times when a nation pledges their gold reserves for the purpose of a loan. However, when this does occur, it will set the ball in motion that will inexorably create a floor in the price of gold.